CRYOGENIC MAGNETIC FIELD MONITORING SYSTEM IN THE SNS NEUTRON EDM EXPERIMENT

A permanent neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM), dn, would violate charge-conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry. The neutron electric dipole moment currently has a global limit of dn \u3c 1.8 x 10-26 e cm (90% CL). This limit is intended to be improved by two orders of magnitude by the nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS nEDM), dn ~ 10-28 e cm. The magnetic field non-uniformities within the experimental region must be precisely monitored and managed in order to suppress systematic effects in the experiment caused by magnetic field gradients. The estimation of magnetic field components within an experimentally inaccessible zone is a challenging problem to solve, particularly in situations where direct field measurements are not feasible. To tackle this issue in the SNS nEDM experiment, a magnetic field monitoring system consisting of 39 single-axis cryogenic fluxgate magnetometer probes at discrete locations has been designed and built to provide a first-pass measurement of the field gradients within the experimental region via nondisruptive measurements of the magnetic field\u27s components. Room-temperature tests of the system were carried out at the University of Kentucky, followed by cryogenic tests of the system at the California Institute of Technology. This dissertation will describe the theoretical framework of the magnetic field reconstruction approach and present the results of the system\u27s preliminary tests. In addition, we propose a new method of accessing magnetic field components using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The new method we present will be of broad interest to experiments requiring precise determination of magnetic field components

Evaluation of sexual functional status and consistency of scales in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism before and after testosterone replacement therapy: a single-center experience

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of sexual dysfunction and the effect of short-term testosterone replacement therapy on sexual functions in congenital hypogonadism patients. Furthermore, we sought to reveal the consistency of the self-report scales used for the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction and the relationship between biochemical parameters. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 47 young male patients aged above 18 years who were diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Short (IIEF-5) and long (IIEF-15) forms of the International Index of Erectile Function and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) were applied before treatment under the supervision of a physician. The patients’ blood pressure, height, and weight were measured, and their luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, and total testosterone levels were recorded. Patients who started their treatments were called for a follow-up checkup after 6 months. Their blood pressure, height, and weight were measured by reapplying the ASEX, IIEF-5, and IIEF-15. In addition, their LH, FSH, and total testosterone levels in the biochemical tests were rerecorded. Results: In this study, the sexual dysfunction status of patients diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism before and after treatment was evaluated using the ASEX, IIEF-15, and IIEF-5 scales. A decrease in sexual dysfunction was observed in all three scales after treatment compared with that before treatment. The IIEF-5 and IIEF-15 scales were found to be uncorrelated in terms of the pretreatment values but were correlated in terms of the post-treatment values. Although a correlation was observed between ASEX and IIEF-5 before treatment, no correlation was detected between ASEX and IIEF-15. After the treatment, ASEX was found to be correlated with both IIEF-5 and IIEF-15. The results of the scales indicated the correlation in all categories, except the pretreatment results of the IIEF-15 scale. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated a significant improvement in the sexual function of hypogonadism patients undergoing short-term testosterone therapy. The ASEX, IIEF-5, and IIEF-15 scales used in the diagnosis and follow-up of sexual dysfunction were useful for evaluating sexual functions in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients

Ozone Therapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Lung Injury in Septic Rats

Various therapeutic protocols were used for the management of sepsis including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. It has been shown that ozone therapy (OT) reduced inflammation in several entities and exhibits some similarity with HBO in regard to mechanisms of action. We designed a study to evaluate the efficacy of OT in an experimental rat model of sepsis to compare with HBO. Male Wistar rats were divided into sham, sepsis+cefepime, sepsis+cefepime+HBO, and sepsis+cefepime+OT groups. Sepsis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli; HBO was administered twice daily; OT was set as intraperitoneal injections once a day. The treatments were continued for 5 days after the induction of sepsis. At the end of experiment, the lung tissues and blood samples were harvested for biochemical and histological analysis. Myeloperoxidase activities and oxidative stress parameters, and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, IL-1β and TNF-α, were found to be ameliorated by the adjuvant use of HBO and OT in the lung tissue when compared with the antibiotherapy only group. Histologic evaluation of the lung tissue samples confirmed the biochemical outcome. Our data presented that both HBO and OT reduced inflammation and injury in the septic rats' lungs; a greater benefit was obtained for OT. The current study demonstrated that the administration of OT as well as HBO as adjuvant therapy may support antibiotherapy in protecting the lung against septic injury. HBO and OT reduced tissue oxidative stress, regulated the systemic inflammatory response, and abated cellular infiltration to the lung demonstrated by findings of MPO activity and histopathologic examination. These findings indicated that OT tended to be more effective than HBO, in particular regarding serum IL-1β, lung GSH-Px and histologic outcome

A Prospective Study of Etiology of Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis, Turkey

Vaccines to prevent bacterial meningitis in this region must provide reliable protection against serogroup W-135

Expert recommendations on the assessment of wall shear stress in human coronary arteries : existing methodologies, technical considerations, and clinical applications

The aim of this manuscript is to provide guidelines for appropriate use of CFD to obtain reproducible and reliable wall shear stress maps in native and instrumented human coronary arteries. The outcome of CFD heavily depends on the quality of the input data, which include vessel geometrical data, proper boundary conditions, and material models. Available methodologies to reconstruct coronary artery anatomy are discussed in ‘Imaging coronary arteries: a brief review’ section. Computational procedures implemented to simulate blood flow in native coronary arteries are presented in ‘Wall shear stress in native arteries’ section. The effect of including different geometrical scales due to the presence of stent struts in instrumented arteries is highlighted in ‘Wall shear stress in stents’ section. The clinical implications are discussed in ‘Clinical applications’ section, and concluding remarks are presented in ‘Concluding remarks’ section

Vulnerability Analysis of Smart Phone and Tablet Operating Systems

New features are being added into mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets every day. Previously, people only used the phone for voice communication, but nowadays it allows almost any kind of internet operations even when travelling from one place to another. Smart phones and tablets are known to perform these operations through operating systems and application programs. Vulnerabilities may exist in the operating system or application software that allow these devices to be exploited by malicious users or hackers, by copying or deleting all of the data contained on them. For this reason, remediating the security vulnerabilities on operating systems is extremely important. In this study, a new database was created by querying security vulnerabilities of the most preferred operating systems on smart phones and tablets from National Vulnerability Database of the US and CVEDETAILS. With regard to vulnerabilities, CVSS scoring system, created by FIRST and used for scoring them, was examined in the light of re-scoring them. The analysis of security of the operating systems was done with quantitative methods. Eventually, it is aimed to conduct vulnerability analysis of smart phone and tablet operating systems

SOS-Based Nonlinear Observer Design for Simultaneous State and Disturbance Estimation Designed for a PMSM Model

In this study, a type of nonlinear observer design is studied for a class of nonlinear systems. For the construction of the nonlinear observer, SOS-based optimization tools are utilized, which for some nonlinear dynamical systems have the advantage of transforming the problem into a more tractable one. The general problem of nonlinear observer design is translated into an SOS polynomial optimization which can be turned into an SDP problem. For a study problem, simultaneous state and disturbance estimation is considered, a cascaded nonlinear observer using a certain parameterization is constructed, and computation techniques are discussed. Cascade nonlinear observer structure is a design strategy that decomposes the problem into its components resulting in dimension reduction. In this paper, SOS-based methods using the cascade design technique are represented, and a simultaneous state and disturbance signal online estimation algorithm is constructed. The method with its smaller components is given in detail, the efficacy of the method is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations performed in MATLAB, and the observer is designed using numerical optimization tools YALMIP, MOSEK, and PENLAB